Getting Started

Start Seeds Inside:
Starting arugula seeds indoors is usually not necessary. Arugula grows quickly and performs best when directly sown into the garden during cooler weather.

Direct Seed:
Direct seeding arugula during the cooler months allows for quick germination and rapid growth, taking advantage of mild temperatures and shorter, less-intense days.

Transplant Starter Plants:
If you use starter plants, transplant them during cooler periods so they can establish without heat stress. This helps maintain tender leaves and a steady harvest.

For a continuous supply, plant arugula every 2–3 weeks from fall through spring. Succession sowing keeps fresh leaves coming as older plantings get spicy or start to bolt.

Soil, Sun, Water, and Spacing

Soil:
Arugula prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Work in compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and soil structure.

Sun:
Full sun to partial shade is ideal. In warmer parts of Florida, some afternoon shade helps prevent bolting and keeps leaves mild and tender.

Watering:
Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Shallow roots dry out quickly, so regular light watering and a thin mulch layer help maintain even moisture and temperature.

Spacing:
Sow seeds about 1/4 inch deep, 1–2 inches apart in rows spaced 12–18 inches apart. Thin seedlings to about 4–6 inches apart for full-sized plants, or leave them closer for baby-leaf harvests.

Fertilization, Care, and Problems

Fertilization (N–P–K Ratio):
Arugula is a leafy green that appreciates extra nitrogen. A fertilizer with higher nitrogen, such as 10-5-5 or 12-6-6, supports lush growth and tender leaves when used as directed.

When to Add:
Before Planting: Mix fertilizer into the soil ahead of seeding or transplanting to support strong early growth.
Every 3–4 Weeks: Apply light feedings during the growing season to keep leaves growing quickly, especially if you are harvesting frequently.

Application Tips:

• Follow the directions on the fertilizer package to avoid over-fertilization and bitter leaves.
• Apply fertilizer evenly around the base of the plants and water well afterward to carry nutrients into the root zone.
• Regular harvesting encourages new growth and helps delay bolting.
• If plants start to taste very strong or send up flower stalks, replace them with a fresh sowing.
• Use shade cloth or plant in partial shade late in the season to extend the harvest window.

Harvesting:
Arugula is usually ready when leaves are about 3–4 inches long, typically 20–40 days after planting. Pick individual leaves as needed, or cut whole plants just above the soil line. Frequent harvest keeps the patch tender and productive.

Pests and Diseases in Florida:

• Flea Beetles: Tiny beetles that chew small holes in the leaves, leaving a “shotgun” pattern.
• Aphids: Sap-sucking insects that cause curling and stunted growth and can spread disease.
• Cabbage Loopers: Green caterpillars that chew large holes and can quickly strip leaves, especially on young plants.
• Downy Mildew: Fungal disease causing yellow patches on top of leaves with grayish mold underneath.
• White Rust: Fungal disease that creates white blisters on leaves and weakens plants.

Blog post on Natural Fertilizers

Natural Pest Control

Companion Plants and Plants to Avoid

Companion Plants:

Plants to Avoid Nearby: